How do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This mechanism increases the levels of serotonin available in the synaptic cleft, which enhances serotonergic neurotransmission. By inhibiting the serotonin transporter (SERT), SSRIs prevent serotonin from being reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron after it has been released. As a result, there is a greater likelihood that serotonin will bind to postsynaptic receptors, which can lead to improved mood and relief from symptoms of depression and anxiety.

This action is foundational in the treatment of depressive disorders and anxiety-related conditions, as serotonin is a key neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation. The effectiveness of SSRIs underscores the importance of serotonin in mental health, highlighting why they are commonly prescribed for various mood disorders.