What hormone is primarily responsible for growth and is produced by the pituitary gland?

The hormone primarily responsible for growth and produced by the pituitary gland is somatotropic hormone, also known as growth hormone (GH). This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It stimulates the liver and other tissues to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is important for bone and muscle growth.

Growth hormone influences various metabolic processes as well, including protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, which contribute to overall growth and development. Its actions are essential during childhood and adolescence, when growth rates are at their peak.

Prolactin mainly stimulates milk production in mammals, while cortisol is primarily a stress hormone that helps regulate metabolism, immune response, and blood sugar levels. Thyroxine, on the other hand, is produced by the thyroid gland and is involved in regulating metabolism and energy levels, rather than directly stimulating growth. Understanding the specific roles of these hormones highlights why somatotropic hormone is the key player in growth promotion.