What is a short-term effect of sleep deprivation lasting fewer than 48 hours?

Sleep deprivation lasting fewer than 48 hours typically results in minimal impairments rather than severe effects. Research indicates that while short-term sleep deprivation can lead to minor cognitive deficits—such as slight reductions in attention and some challenges with memory—these effects are often manageable and do not reach the severity observed with prolonged sleep deprivation. Individuals may still function relatively well, although they might experience subtle changes in mood or efficiency.

The impairments associated with minimal sleep loss include reduced vigilance and a propensity for increased errors, but these do not generally manifest as severe cognitive dysfunction or heightened anxiety. In contrast, the more debilitating effects, such as severe cognitive impairment or significant emotional disturbances, tend to emerge with extended periods of sleep deprivation beyond 48 hours. Heightened alertness, although it can occur temporarily due to acute stress from lack of sleep, is typically not sustained and doesn't characterize the typical outcome of brief sleep deprivation. Instead, minimal impairments are more representative of the immediate consequences experienced.