What is an axon?

An axon is accurately defined as a long projection of a neuron that transmits impulses. It plays a crucial role in the nervous system by conducting electrical signals away from the neuron's cell body toward other neurons, muscles, or glands. This transmission process is vital for communication within the nervous system, enabling the coordinated functioning of various body systems. The axon is typically covered by a myelin sheath, which helps to speed up the transmission of these impulses.

Understanding the role and structure of an axon provides insight into how neural circuits operate and how signals are relayed throughout the body, which is foundational knowledge in physiology and neuroscience.