What is the main function of neurotransmitters?

The primary role of neurotransmitters is to transmit signals across synapses, facilitating communication between neurons. When a neuron is activated, it releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, the gap between two neurons. These chemical messengers bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to the propagation of the signal. This process is vital for numerous brain functions, including reflexes, mood regulation, and cognition.

The transmission of signals across synapses is essential for the functioning of the nervous system as it allows for rapid and precise communication between nerve cells, which is necessary for coordinating actions and responses to stimuli. This mechanism underlies many physiological and psychological processes, illustrating why neurotransmitters are fundamental in helping the nervous system operate effectively.