What is the primary cause of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is primarily believed to be caused by an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own central nervous system (CNS). In MS, the immune system targets myelin, the protective sheath that covers nerve fibers, leading to inflammation and damage. This process disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body, resulting in a variety of neurological symptoms.

Research suggests that genetic susceptibility may contribute to the development of MS, but it is the autoimmune component that is central to the disease's pathology. Environmental factors like viral infections and toxins may play a role in triggering the autoimmune response but are not considered the primary cause. Overall, the autoimmune aspect is critical for understanding the mechanisms behind MS and developing treatment strategies aimed at modulating this response.