What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

Neurons are specialized cells that play a crucial role in the nervous system by transmitting information throughout the body. The primary function of neurons is to communicate through electrical impulses and chemical signals, allowing them to relay messages between different parts of the body, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. This communication is essential for various processes, such as reflexes, movement, perception, and the coordination of bodily functions.

The electrical signals arise from changes in the neuron's membrane potential, which trigger the release of neurotransmitters at synapses, facilitating communication with other neurons or target cells. This intricate system of signaling is foundational for the functioning of the nervous system as a whole.

Other options, while pertaining to the overall functioning of the nervous system, focus on different aspects. Support and nourishment are primarily the functions of glial cells, which assist and protect neurons but do not transmit information themselves. Protecting the body from external injuries relates to the role of the nervous system in responding to stimuli but is not the central function of neurons. Furthermore, the regulation of hormonal activities is primarily the domain of the endocrine system, although the nervous system does interact with it to some extent.