What is the primary function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during puberty?

The primary function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis during puberty is the production of testosterone and estrogen. This system plays a crucial role in sexual maturation and reproductive function.

During puberty, the hypothalamus begins to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This hormone stimulates the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In males, LH stimulates the testes to produce testosterone, while FSH is essential for spermatogenesis. In females, LH and FSH prompt the ovaries to produce estrogen, which is vital for the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the menstrual cycle.

This axis is pivotal in initiating the physical and hormonal changes associated with puberty, such as the development of breasts in females, the growth of facial and body hair in males, and the onset of menstruation in females. Thus, the correct choice highlights the central role of the HPG axis in producing the sex hormones that drive these changes.