What is the primary role of the nervous system in relation to the immune response?

The primary role of the nervous system in relation to the immune response is its ability to influence immune function through the release of neurotransmitters and hormones. The nervous system and the immune system are interconnected, often referred to as the neuro-immunoendocrine system. This connection means that the nervous system can modulate immune responses, primarily via the release of signaling molecules.

For example, neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine can affect the activity of immune cells like lymphocytes and macrophages, altering their function in response to stress or infection. Additionally, stress hormones like cortisol, released from the adrenal glands under stress conditions, can suppress the immune response, emphasizing the balance and regulatory function the nervous system plays.

This interplay is significant in understanding how emotional and psychological factors can impact physical health and immune response, illustrating the complexity of bodily systems working together to maintain homeostasis and respond to threats.