Which hormones does the pancreas produce?

The pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels and overall metabolism through the secretion of specific hormones, primarily insulin and glucagon.

Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. Its primary function is to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the body’s cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. This is particularly important after meals when blood sugar levels rise.

Glucagon, on the other hand, is produced by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans. This hormone has the opposite effect of insulin; it raises blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose stored in the liver (glycogenolysis) and stimulating the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (gluconeogenesis), especially during fasting or between meals.

This specific function of insulin and glucagon in the regulation of glucose metabolism is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body. Understanding the role of these hormones is key in fields such as endocrinology, metabolism, and diabetes management.