Which side effect is commonly associated with tricyclic antidepressants?

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) commonly induce dry mouth as a side effect due to their anticholinergic properties. These medications inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, but they also block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in promoting salivation. As a result, patients often experience a reduction in saliva production, leading to dry mouth, which can be uncomfortable and may contribute to dental issues over time.

The occurrence of gastrointestinal upset is indeed a potential side effect, but it is less frequently reported when compared to dry mouth among those taking TCAs. Tardive dyskinesia, on the other hand, is more commonly associated with antipsychotic medications rather than tricyclic antidepressants. Hyperactivity is also not typically linked to TCAs, as these medications are generally used to alleviate symptoms of depression, which are characterized by low energy and motivation rather than increased activity levels. Thus, dry mouth stands out as the most prevalent side effect associated with tricyclic antidepressants.